Economía y Minería

Producción de cobre de Codelco bajó casi 6% en 2019 y cerró en su menor nivel en once años

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El persistente declive de las leyes de mineral de las minas chilenas, sumado al envejecimiento de los yacimientos de cobre, la escasez de agua y la menor tasa de recuperación, fueron algunos de los factores que explican que la producción de cobre a nivel nacional en 2019 anotara un retroceso de 0,8% en relación con el año anterior. Esto significa unas 44 mil toneladas menos que en 2018.                                                             

Esta es una de las cifras que arrojó el boletín mensual que elabora la Comisión Chilena del Cobre (Cochilco), y que en esta ocasión entregó los números de cierre de año de la gran minería, empresa por empresa.                                             

Sin embargo, en el caso de Codelco el descenso fue mucho mayor, equivalente a unas 100 mil toneladas -compensadas en el balance nacional por otras faenas privadas que lograron aumentar su producción como Zaldívar, Candelaria o Centinela- , es decir, una caída de 5,6%.                                            

Así, Codelco cerró 2019 con una producción propia total de 1,706 millón de toneladas de cobre, 100 mil toneladas menos que en 2019. Este nivel es el más bajo desde 2008, cuando Codelco produjo 1,55 millón de toneladas de cobre. Eso sí, entonces todavía no entraba en operaciones Ministro Hales, que aporta anualmente entre 180 mil y 200 mil toneladas de cobre a la estatal.                         

Desde la corporación explicaron que lo ocurrido en 2019 se explica principalmente por fenómenos puntuales, principalmente en las divisiones del norte, o mantenciones.  

“La caída en la producción propia de cobre de Codelco se explica por distintos factores, los más importantes: los eventos climáticos del verano en el norte (lluvias en febrero), la huelga de los sindicatos de Chuquicamata en mayo y mantenciones de las concentradoras de Chuquicamata y Andina”, aseguraron desde Codelco, agregando que ya en enero la producción se ubicó dentro de las metas.                                                

“Dentro de nuestro plan de transformación, estamos implementando cambios para alcanzar los límites técnicos de las operaciones, es decir, sacarles a los mismos activos el mayor rendimiento posible de forma sostenida, mediante la excelencia operacional y el adecuado mantenimiento. También implementaremos prácticas de productividad aún más exigentes en todas las áreas, que nos permitan ubicarnos en el segundo cuartil de la industria en 2022”, complementaron en Codelco, donde además dijeron que todo este esfuerzo se hará manteniendo el énfasis en la austeridad y el control de costos. El plan es elevar en US$400 millones los excedentes en 2020 y en US$1.000 millones por año desde 2021.  
                       
Baja de Escondida                                            Otra faena que sufrió una fuerte caída en su producción fue Escondida, que terminó el año con una producción de 1,188 millón de toneladas, 4,4% menos que en 2018. A septiembre, la faena mostraba un descenso de 8,4%, lo que atribuía a una baja de la ley, lo que estaba dentro de lo esperado.                     

La mayor alza la mostró la faena Centinela, de Antofagasta Minerals, que aumentó su producción en 25,8%.

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