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Corte de apelaciones de Copiapó confirma fallo que condenó a Codelco salvador por enfermedad profesional de trabajador

Gabriel Urra González 1533 Views 152 Comments ,  ,  , 

La Corte de Apelaciones de Copiapó confirmó la sentencia que condenó a la cuprera estatal Codelco Chile, División Salvador, a pagar una indemnización de $ 75.000.000 (setenta y cinco millones de pesos) por concepto de daño moral, a un trabajador que desarrolló la enfermedad profesional de silicosis.

En fallo unánime (causa rol 156-2022), la Primera Sala del tribunal de alzada –integrada por los ministros Marcela Araya Novoa, Pablo Krumm de Almozara y la abogada (i) Loreto Llorente Viñales– desestimó que la sentencia recurrida, pronunciada por el Juzgado de Letras de Diego de Almagro, se haya dictado con infracción de ley.

“Resulta que el objeto del finiquito invocado como fundamento de las excepciones deducidas no pudo ser otro que dejar constancia del término de la relación laboral y del pago de las indemnizaciones y prestaciones derivadas directamente del mismo. Por lo tanto, no puede hacérsele extensivo a otros derechos diferentes, en términos que el error de derecho que se denuncia no es tal, desde que la sentencia impugnada en su basamento sexto, priva de eficacia liberatoria a los finiquitos en comento, respecto de las pretensiones relativas a la enfermedad profesional del actor, de todo lo cual se advierte que la infracción de ley que la demandada reclama respecto del artículo 177 del código del ramo y de las normas del código sustantivo civil, no se deja ver del análisis efectuado”, establece el fallo.

La resolución agrega que: “aunque esta Corte comparta las apreciaciones del recurrente en orden a la falta de motivación –que no de resolución–  de la premisa normativa, específicamente en lo atingente a la excepción de prescripción, la exigencia de sustancialidad o en términos normativos ‘la influencia en lo dispositivo del fallo’ no se deja ver con la intensidad necesaria para proceder oficiosamente a la anulación del pronunciamiento”.

“Que lo que se ha venido diciendo en el sentido de que no se ha detectado alguna infracción de ley respecto de la aplicación efectuada en el caso, sobre los hechos acreditados, del artículo 79 de la Ley N°16.744, se ve corroborado por la idea sustentada por el fallo dictado en causa rol N°2.661- 2015, sobre unificación de jurisprudencia, de la Excma. Corte Suprema (SCS Rol 2.661-2015), pronunciamiento en que se argumentó respecto de la eventual incorrecta aplicación del artículo 79 de la Ley N°16.744, que para fijar el momento de inicio del referido plazo de prescripción se debía atender a la fecha de cada uno de los ‘diagnósticos’ o ‘episodios’ emitidos durante el padecimiento de la enfermedad y que den cuenta de su avance, precisamente de la forma en que lo entendió el actor y lo refrendó en su sentencia la jueza recurrida”, añade.

Para la corte copiapina, “no es posible calificar de infringidas máximas de experiencia, conocimiento experto en la fijación del quantum de este ítem, o la incorrecta aplicación de la inferencia que concluye con la determinación del monto en $75.000.000, porque precisamente son inexistentes, según reclama el propio recurrente”.

“Por otra parte –prosigue–, si eventualmente se estimara que la determinación del monto en que se avalúa el daño extrapatrimonial es una cuestión ajena a la determinación de los hechos y, por lo tanto, sobre la cual no debe recaer actividad probatoria alguna, por tratarse de una atribución privativa de los tribunales de mérito, como lo sostiene cierta doctrina de los tribunales superiores; la causal igualmente está mal intentada, pues por ella –artículo 478 b) del código referido– se ataca el establecimiento de los enunciados que constituyen el sustento fáctico al cual será aplicada la disposición normativa correspondiente”.

“Que siendo el recurso de nulidad laboral una vía de impugnación extraordinaria o de derecho estricto, esto es, que exige para su concurrencia que el vicio que se denuncia se ajuste a los cauces predeterminados por el legislador, que además demarcan la competencia de la Corte, el arbitrio intentado en último término, deberá igualmente ser desestimado”, concluye.

Por tanto, se resuelve que: SE RECHAZA el recurso de nulidad intentado por el abogado don Cristián Reyes López, en representación de la demandada, CORPORACIÓN NACIONAL DEL COBRE DE CHILE, CODELCO CHILE, DIVISIÓN SALVADOR, en contra de la sentencia de fecha dieciocho de julio de dos mil veintidós, dictada por doña Diana Marín Castañeda, jueza subrogante del juzgado de letras de Diego de Almagro, sentencia que NO ES NULA”.

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