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UN 5 DE ENERO, LA REVOLUCIÓN CONSTITUYENTE DE 1859

Hector Naveas 1798 Views 24 Comments

PROF. GUILLERMO CORTÉS LUTZ,
DOCTOR EN HISTORIA,
GRUPO DE ESTUDIOS DE ATACAMA GEA.-

Como hemos  expuestos en  columnas, artículos  y escritos,  la Revolución Constituyente del año 1859, representa uno de los movimientos liberales y de lucha por la autonomía  y participación de las provincias en Chile durante el  siglo XIX. Ahora en nuestra opinión, producto de años de estudios, esta rebelión armada, desarrollada entre el 5 de enero al 12 de mayo de 1859, es tal vez la más importante, esto por los cambios políticos que se produjeron después de ella, como también porque por primera vez se harían reformas importantes a la constitución autoritaria, conservadora y centralista de 1833. También esta Revolución nos muestra una arista, a destacar, nos referimos a la   eficiencia guerrera en cuanto a los triunfos militares por parte del ejército constituyente de Atacama, contra el ejército chileno.

Indudablemente la rebelión de los copiapinos de 1859, muestra coincidencias sorprendentes con el movimiento popular de 2019, cuando el pueblo de Chile, exigió cambios socio políticos, y centralmente obligo a superar la constitución de la dictadura. Y es así como ahora se escribe una nueva constitución, esta vez con la participación de las mujeres, los primeros pueblos y los territorios, cosa que en ninguna constitución anterior había ocurrido.

El 5 de enero de 1859, Pedro Pablo Zapata y José Sierra, más algunos otros  rebeldes, del grupo denominado de los rojos, atacan el cuartel de policía de Copiapó, con ello se daba origen al proceso denominado de la Revolución Constituyente.

El día 6 de enero Pedro León Gallo, de la facción de los notables o plutócratas, es proclamado Intendente de Atacama, y como secretario asume Nicolás Mujica del sector liberal Rojo.  

Al respecto decir que no todos estaban completamente de acuerdo que León Gallo, asumiera como Intendente, pero consensuado con la facción popular se determina que este joven plutócrata sea quien lidere el proceso, con el apoyo de Nicolás Mujica del sector denominado Popular o también denominado  rojo,  como nos lo dice  el Historiador Joaquín Fernández.

Con diversas incidencias, los revolucionarios, construyen una  institucionalidad. Se crea la bandera azul con la estrella dorada, que hoy flamea en el edificio Pedro León Gallo, sede del gobierno Regional, acuñan una moneda, llamada el Peso Gallo, se funden cañones, se organiza un ejército, musicalizan un himno, la constituyente, somos un gobierno en regla.  

Como hitos notables de la post revolución, se pone fin al periodo conservador y se modifica la constitución de 1833, y surge un liberalismo avanzado, que a la postre será el Partido Radical.

Los sucesos de la revolución, hoy tiene nuevas informaciones que  dan más claridad sobre lo ocurrido, las tesis de Magister del Profesor Rodrigo Zalaquett  F-A, la tesis de Magister del Historiador Joaquín Fernández, han entregado muchas nuevas informaciones e interpretaciones al respecto. Y últimamente el libro del Ingeniero Ulises Carabantes, ha relevado el rol del Alcalde de Copiapó, Anselmo Carabantes, en la Revolución.

La Revolución atacameña de 1859, es el germen del pensamiento crítico regional, que ve a la república creciendo de forma justa e igualitaria, con profundización de la democracia  y fortaleciéndose desde sus regiones.

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